How to Plan Outdoor Living Spaces Between Your ADU and Main Home

Creating Outdoor Living Spaces That Connect Your ADU and Main Home

When you add an ADU to your property, the outdoor space between the two structures becomes one of the most important design opportunities on your lot. This transitional space can be transformed from an afterthought into a genuine outdoor living room that enhances the livability of your entire property for both the main house and ADU residents.

In California, where the climate supports year-round outdoor living, well-designed outdoor spaces between an ADU and main home can effectively add hundreds of square feet of functional living area to your property without any additional construction permits. A thoughtfully designed courtyard, patio, or garden space becomes a shared amenity that increases property value, improves quality of life, and creates a sense of intentional design rather than two buildings dropped onto a single lot.

This guide covers design strategies, material selections, privacy solutions, lighting, and practical considerations for creating outdoor living spaces that beautifully connect your ADU and main home.

Design Principles for ADU Outdoor Spaces

Creating Zones

The most successful outdoor spaces between an ADU and main home are organized into distinct zones, each serving a different purpose. This approach prevents the space from feeling like a generic backyard and instead creates multiple "rooms" outdoors.

Common zones to consider:

• Dining zone: A table and chairs for outdoor meals, positioned for shade and access to both kitchens
• Lounging zone: Comfortable seating for relaxation, reading, or conversation
• Cooking zone: An outdoor kitchen or BBQ area that serves as a shared gathering point
• Garden zone: Plantings that provide beauty, privacy, and potentially edible produce
• Transition zones: Pathways and threshold areas that connect the zones and guide movement through the space

Defining Boundaries Without Walls

In the space between an ADU and main home, you want to create distinct areas without using solid walls that would make the space feel cramped. Effective boundary strategies include:

• Changes in paving material (concrete to gravel, pavers to decomposed granite)
• Level changes (a step up or down between zones)
• Overhead structures (pergola over the dining area, shade sail over the lounge)
• Planting beds and low hedges
• Outdoor rugs and furniture groupings

Respecting Privacy

The outdoor space must work for both the main house and ADU residents, which means providing visual and acoustic privacy solutions where needed. Strategic placement of privacy screens, plants, and structures allows both parties to enjoy the outdoor space without feeling exposed.

Patio Designs for ADU Properties

The Courtyard Concept

The courtyard is perhaps the most effective outdoor design concept for ADU properties. By treating the space between the ADU and main home as an enclosed courtyard, you create a private outdoor room that feels intentional and designed rather than leftover.

A true courtyard is defined on at least three sides by structures or tall plantings. In an ADU scenario, the main house forms one or two walls, the ADU forms another, and fencing or plantings complete the enclosure. This creates a wind-protected, private space that can be enjoyed year-round in California's mild climate.

Design elements for a courtyard:

• Central focal point (fountain, fire pit, specimen tree, or sculpture)
• Consistent paving material throughout
• Comfortable seating integrated into the perimeter
• Lighting for evening use
• Container plantings for color and greenery without consuming ground space

The Linear Garden Path

For narrow lots where the space between the ADU and main home is a corridor rather than a square, a linear garden path design works well. This approach treats the space as a journey from one end to the other, with planting beds, stepping stones, and pausing points along the way.

The Shared Terrace

A large, level terrace extending from the main house toward the ADU creates a single, generous outdoor living space. This works best when the main house and ADU have entries or windows facing each other, creating a sense of connection. The terrace can be divided into zones using furniture arrangement, container plants, and overhead structures.

Outdoor Features That Add Value

Fire Pits and Fireplaces

A fire feature creates a natural gathering point and extends the usability of outdoor spaces into cooler evenings. Options range from simple portable fire pits ($100 to $500) to built-in gas fire pits ($2,000 to $5,000) to full outdoor fireplaces ($5,000 to $15,000). Check local fire codes, as some areas have restrictions on open flames.

Outdoor Kitchens and BBQ Areas

An outdoor kitchen or BBQ area creates a shared amenity that both households can enjoy. A basic setup with a built-in grill, counter space, and a small sink costs $3,000 to $8,000. A more complete outdoor kitchen with refrigerator, sink, storage, and a pizza oven can range from $10,000 to $30,000.

Water Features

A small fountain or water feature provides soothing background sound that helps mask street noise and conversations, enhancing the sense of privacy. Self-contained fountain features cost $200 to $1,500 and require only an electrical connection.

Shade Structures

In California's sunny climate, shade is essential for comfortable outdoor living. Options include:

Shade Type	Cost	Coverage	Permanence
Shade sails	$200 - $1,000	100 - 200 sq ft	Semi-permanent
Pergola (wood)	$3,000 - $10,000	100 - 300 sq ft	Permanent
Aluminum patio cover	$2,000 - $6,000	100 - 200 sq ft	Permanent
Retractable awning	$1,500 - $4,000	80 - 150 sq ft	Adjustable
Shade trees	$100 - $500 per tree	Variable	Permanent (growing)

Outdoor Lighting Design for ADU Properties

Lighting transforms outdoor spaces from daytime-only areas into evening gathering spots. For ADU properties, lighting also serves important safety and security functions, illuminating pathways and transitions between structures.

Layered Lighting Approach

Like interior lighting, outdoor lighting works best in layers:

• Ambient lighting: String lights, lanterns, or overhead fixtures that provide general illumination for the entire space. String lights between the ADU and main home create a magical canopy effect.
• Task lighting: Focused lighting for cooking areas, dining tables, and reading nooks. Under-counter lights for outdoor kitchens and directional fixtures for dining areas.
• Accent lighting: Uplighting on trees, downlighting from pergolas, and spotlighting on architectural features or art pieces.
• Safety lighting: Path lights along walkways, step lights on level changes, and motion-sensor fixtures at entries and dark corners.

Smart Outdoor Lighting

Smart lighting systems allow you to control outdoor lights from your phone, set schedules, adjust brightness, and create scenes for different occasions. Smart outdoor lighting starts at about $200 for a basic system with 4 to 6 fixtures and a control hub.

Frequently Asked Questions About ADU Outdoor Spaces

Do I need a permit for an outdoor patio between my ADU and main home?

In most California cities, a simple at-grade patio (level with the surrounding ground) does not require a building permit. However, raised decks over 30 inches high, covered structures like pergolas or patio covers, and outdoor kitchens with plumbing or gas connections typically do require permits. Check with your local building department for specific requirements.

How much should I budget for outdoor living space improvements?

A reasonable budget for outdoor improvements between your ADU and main home is $5,000 to $20,000 for a well-designed space. This includes paving, basic plantings, lighting, and one or two feature elements like a fire pit or shade structure. More elaborate designs with outdoor kitchens, water features, and premium materials can exceed $30,000.

Can outdoor spaces increase my ADU rental income?

Yes. ADUs with dedicated outdoor space (even a small private patio) typically command 5% to 15% higher rents than comparable units without outdoor access. In the Los Angeles rental market, this can translate to $75 to $250 more per month. Over a year, that additional income significantly exceeds the cost of basic outdoor improvements.

How do I create privacy between shared outdoor spaces?

Use a combination of physical and visual barriers: tall plantings (bamboo, hedges, or ornamental grasses), privacy fencing, pergolas with climbing plants, and strategic furniture placement. The goal is to create the feeling of separate outdoor rooms while maintaining visual connection to greenery and sky. Avoid solid walls that make the space feel enclosed and dark.

What outdoor features add the most property value?

The outdoor features that add the most value relative to their cost are: quality hardscaping (patios and pathways), outdoor lighting, mature plantings and trees, and a functional outdoor dining or cooking area. These features are universally appealing to both buyers and renters, and they enhance the daily livability of the property.

Hardscaping vs. Softscaping: Choosing the Right Balance for Your ADU Outdoor Space

When planning outdoor living spaces around your ADU and main home, understanding the difference between hardscaping and softscaping is essential. Both elements work together to create a cohesive, functional, and beautiful outdoor environment that California homeowners can enjoy year-round.

What Is Hardscaping?

Hardscaping refers to the non-living, structural elements of your landscape design. These are the permanent features that define the layout and flow of your outdoor space. Common hardscaping elements for ADU properties include:

• Patios and decks made from concrete, pavers, natural stone, or composite decking
• Walkways and pathways connecting the main home to the ADU
• Retaining walls for sloped lots common throughout California hillside communities
• Outdoor kitchens and built-in barbecue areas with countertops and storage
• Fire pits and fireplaces for extending the usability of outdoor spaces into cooler evenings
• Pergolas, arbors, and shade structures that provide relief from the California sun

What Is Softscaping?

Softscaping includes all the living elements in your landscape. For California ADU properties, drought-tolerant softscaping is not only environmentally responsible but also reduces long-term maintenance costs. Key softscaping elements include:

• Native California plants such as California poppies, manzanita, and sage
• Drought-tolerant ground covers like creeping thyme or dymondia
• Shade trees strategically placed to reduce cooling costs for both the ADU and main home
• Container gardens that add greenery without permanent planting beds
• Edible gardens with herbs, vegetables, and fruit trees suited to your California climate zone

Hardscaping vs. Softscaping Comparison

Feature	Hardscaping	Softscaping
Initial Cost	Higher upfront investment ($15-$75 per sq ft)	Lower initial cost ($5-$25 per sq ft)
Maintenance	Low ongoing maintenance	Regular watering, pruning, and care needed
Durability	Lasts 20-50+ years with minimal upkeep	Requires replacement and seasonal attention
Water Usage	No water required	Varies by plant selection; drought-tolerant options reduce usage
Property Value	Strong ROI for quality installations	Moderate ROI; curb appeal benefits
Environmental Impact	Can increase heat and runoff	Reduces heat island effect and improves air quality

For most California ADU properties, a ratio of approximately 60% hardscaping to 40% softscaping works well. This balance provides ample usable space while maintaining the greenery that makes outdoor areas inviting. Learn more about designing outdoor spaces that complement your ADU project.

Outdoor Lighting Ideas for ADU Properties

Thoughtful outdoor lighting transforms your ADU property from a daytime-only space into an evening retreat. Good lighting also improves safety and security for both the main home and ADU residents. Here are popular lighting strategies California homeowners use:

Pathway and Safety Lighting

Solar-powered pathway lights along walkways between the main home and ADU are both practical and energy-efficient. LED bollard lights spaced every 6 to 8 feet provide adequate illumination without creating harsh light that might disturb either household. Low-voltage landscape lighting is another excellent option that keeps energy costs minimal while ensuring safe passage at night.

Ambient and Mood Lighting

String lights draped across a pergola or patio area create a warm, inviting atmosphere for entertaining. Wall-mounted sconces on the ADU exterior add both style and function. Consider dimmable LED fixtures that allow you to adjust the brightness depending on the occasion. Uplighting on trees or architectural features of the ADU adds drama and visual interest after dark.

Task and Functional Lighting

If your outdoor space includes a cooking area, make sure you have adequate task lighting over prep surfaces and the grill. Recessed lighting under pergola roofs or eave overhangs provides bright, focused light where you need it most. Motion-sensor lights near entry points of both the ADU and main home add a layer of security without wasting energy.

Privacy Screens and Boundary Solutions

Privacy is one of the most important considerations when you have an ADU on your property. Both the main home residents and ADU occupants deserve their own private outdoor areas. Here are effective privacy solutions that California homeowners commonly use:

• Living walls and green screens: Climbing plants on trellises or wire frames create natural privacy barriers that also add beauty. Jasmine, bougainvillea, and passion vine are popular California choices that grow quickly and thrive in the climate.
• Bamboo screens: Clumping bamboo varieties (not running bamboo, which can be invasive) grow tall quickly and create dense, attractive privacy barriers. They work well in containers for flexible placement.
• Decorative fence panels: Horizontal slat fences, lattice panels, or composite privacy screens come in many styles that complement modern ADU designs. Most California cities allow fences up to 6 feet in side and rear yards.
• Strategic plant placement: Tall ornamental grasses, hedges, or columnar trees planted along property lines or between the ADU and main home create soft, natural divisions.
• Outdoor curtains and shade sails: Fabric solutions mounted on pergolas or posts offer flexible privacy that can be adjusted as needed. They also provide shade during hot California afternoons.

Designing Entertaining Areas Between Your ADU and Main Home

The outdoor space between your main home and ADU can become the heart of your property when designed for entertaining. California's climate allows for outdoor gatherings nearly year-round, making this investment particularly worthwhile.

Shared Outdoor Dining

A central dining area positioned between the ADU and main home creates a natural gathering point for family meals and celebrations. Consider a permanent dining table with built-in seating, or designate a flat, level area for a large moveable table. Overhead shade from a pergola or mature tree makes midday dining comfortable even during summer months.

Outdoor Kitchen and Bar Area

An outdoor kitchen with a built-in grill, sink, and counter space eliminates the need to run back and forth to the indoor kitchen. Adding a bar area with stools creates a casual socializing zone. For California ADU properties, consider including a small refrigerator and storage for outdoor dining essentials. Budget approximately $5,000 to $25,000 for a basic to mid-range outdoor kitchen setup.

Fire Feature Gathering Spaces

A fire pit or outdoor fireplace becomes the focal point of evening gatherings. Circular seating arrangements around a fire pit encourage conversation, while a linear fireplace creates a more formal ambiance. Gas fire features are popular in California because they comply with fire safety regulations during high-risk seasons and do not produce the sparks and embers associated with wood-burning options.

Multi-Use Lawn and Activity Zones

If your lot size permits, maintaining a small lawn area provides flexible space for activities, children's play, or casual lounging. Artificial turf is increasingly popular among California homeowners because it stays green year-round without watering. Surrounding the lawn with defined garden beds and seating areas creates a park-like setting that both households can enjoy.

Frequently Asked Questions About ADU Outdoor Living Spaces

How much does it cost to landscape around an ADU in California?

Landscaping costs for ADU properties in California typically range from $10,000 to $50,000 depending on the scope of work. Basic landscaping with drought-tolerant plants, a simple patio, and pathway lighting may cost around $10,000 to $15,000. More extensive projects with outdoor kitchens, fire features, privacy screens, and premium plantings can reach $30,000 to $50,000 or more. Many homeowners phase their landscaping over time to spread costs.

Do I need a permit for outdoor structures near my ADU?

In most California cities, you will need a building permit for permanent outdoor structures such as pergolas over a certain size, outdoor kitchens with gas lines, and retaining walls above a specific height (usually 4 feet). Simple additions like garden beds, moveable furniture, and low-voltage lighting typically do not require permits. Always check with your local building department before starting construction. Learn more about the ADU permit process to understand local requirements.

What are the best drought-tolerant plants for landscaping around a California ADU?

Some of the best drought-tolerant plants for California ADU landscaping include lavender, rosemary, California fuchsia, red hot poker, agave, and various species of sage. Native grasses like deer grass and blue fescue add texture without heavy water demands. Succulents are also excellent choices for ground cover and container gardens. These plants not only conserve water but also attract pollinators and beneficial wildlife to your property.

How can I create privacy between my main home and ADU without building a wall?

There are several effective alternatives to walls for creating privacy between your main home and ADU. Tall hedges of privet or podocarpus grow quickly and provide dense screening. Bamboo (clumping varieties) in planters creates immediate height. Trellises with climbing plants like jasmine or bougainvillea offer a living wall effect. You can also use a combination of staggered plantings at different heights to create layered privacy that feels natural rather than imposing.

Can I add a pool or spa between my ADU and main home?

Yes, you can add a pool or spa on your property with an ADU, but you must comply with local setback requirements for both the ADU and the pool. In most California cities, pools must be at least 5 feet from property lines and structures. You will also need to ensure the pool or spa does not interfere with required access pathways to the ADU. A small plunge pool or spa is often a practical choice for properties with both a main home and an ADU, as it provides a luxury feature without consuming too much yard space. Check out our guide on pool house ADU designs for inspiration.

What outdoor lighting is best for ADU properties in California?

Solar-powered LED lights are the most popular choice for California ADU properties because they require no wiring and have zero operating cost. For areas that need consistent, brighter illumination, low-voltage LED landscape lighting systems are ideal. Motion-sensor lights near entry points provide security without constant energy use. String lights and lanterns add ambiance to entertaining areas. Dark-sky compliant fixtures are recommended in many California communities to reduce light pollution and minimize disturbance to neighbors and ADU tenants.